Weimar to postwar links

“Reexamining Weimar Germany via the Politics of Prostitution” — a review of Julia Roos’s Weimar through the Lens of Gender.

On Magnus Hirschfeld: “This article considers the two major biographies of sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld, MD (1868—1935), an early campaigner for ‘gay rights’ avant la lettre. Like him, his first biographer Charlotte Wolff (1897—1986) was a Jewish doctor who lived and worked in Weimar Republic Berlin and fled Germany when the Nazi regime came to power.”

A German lesbian film from 1931: “I’m going to be talking about Mädchen in Uniform (1931). It’s not the first girl-on-girl kiss of cinema (Marlene Dietrich snagged that one in Morocco in 1930) and it’s not the first time the idea of a real life lesbian had been portrayed (see aforementioned Pandora’s Box, 1929) But it WAS the first time something this lesbian graced the silver screen. … It’s nearly impossible to get a good print of the film anyway  because when the Nazis came to power, they banned the film and attempted to burn all existing copies.”

Berlin’s Lesbische frauen — on a 1920′s guide to Berlin’s lesbian clubs: “Equally chic, but definitely more late-night was Le Garconne on Kalkreuthstrasse, owned by Susi Wanowski, the former wife of a Berlin Chief of Police but now the lover and manager of Wiemar-era wild-child, Anita Berber.”

Some info about Berber in a clip from Berlin — Metropolis of Vice:

“Fascism and the Female Form: Performance Art in the Third Reich” by Terri J. Gordon, from a collection called Sexuality and German Fascism.

“The Man Who Started the Sexual Revolution”: “Twenty years later, his curia-like Vienna Psychoanalytical Society was attracting a new generation of followers after the war, among them an impecunious student from the provinces, Wilhelm Reich.”

“Sixty Years of Beate Uhse”: “In the early days of her company, the target groups of this entrepreneurial woman celebrated as the “orgasm muse,” “sexpert” and “love slave of the nation” were not hedonists or the sexually adventurous, but women rebuilding Germany from the rubble of the war.”

“Sexual science and self-narrative: epistemology and narrative technologies of the self between Krafft-Ebing and Freud” : “Starting from the psychiatric problematization … of the concept and the object called ‘sexuality’ in the second half of the 19th century, it attempts to show a series of continuities and discontinuities between this kind of reasoning and the birth of psychoanalysis in the first years of the 20th century.”

"Procuress" by Otto Dix (1923)

A note about the Freud-Spielrein-Jung film, A Dangerous Method: “In many ways, the film is a well-made hybrid of ideas movie, masterly costume drama, and, frankly with Knightley onboard and some spanking sex, a touch of S&M soap.”

Verfolgt takes place in present-day Hamburg and tells a story about fairly ordinary people under extraordinary circumstances. It shows their discovery of sadomasochism – gritty, awkward, human, unpretentious, and ardent.”

Nothing in theatre elevates the identity of actor over character more completely than nudity. Yet as a performance or spectacle, nudity remains a form of masking, insofar as it amplifies the desire to discover, to expose something hidden by clothing.”

The Museum of Sex posted some old erotic art by Franz von Bayros, and here are some amazing erotic bookplates by the same artist.

Wine, Rorschachs, and naked rugby

Angie Dickinson

Tumblr, as a user-directed medium, releases porn from those traditional visual cues. It allows the viewer to look at porn without feeling like she is, you know, looking at porn.”

San Francisco … is the perfect home for an institution like the Center for Sex & Culture [CSC]. I spoke with another institution, its co-founder, Dr. Carol Queen.”

Spermatorrhea (an excessive discharge of semen) was such a source of panic in the mid-19th century that there were even cases of suicide among those who had convinced themselves – or been led to believe – that they were suffering.

Declining sperm counts? “According to their results, global sperm counts had dropped by 50% in the five decades before the report.

Male infertility and the missing coat: “Sperm wears a protein coat that helps it sneak past the female immune system – or it should. Going coatless could be a major cause of male infertility.”

“In this video from the University of Surrey … the first research project Hegarty discusses is … on the categorization of homosexuality as a mental illness, including the inclusion of homosexuality in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association from 1952 to 1973. Hegarty’s interest is in how the rise and fall of the Rorschach test as a psychological instrument related to efforts to detect and diagnose homosexuality as a mental illness during this period.

“Waxing . . . is the most common method for extensive depilation, and complications include burns, mechanical folliculitis, infectious folliculitis, other infections of skin and soft tissues, and contact dermatitis and/or vulvitis. Removal of hair causes skin microtrauma, with inoculation of pathogens and subsequent mechanical spread of infection.

“The finding that regular moderate intake of red wine is associated with higher FSFI scores for both sexual desire, lubrication, and overall sexual function as compared to the teetotaller status is intriguing. While this finding needs to be interpreted with some caution … it nevertheless suggests a potential relationship between red wine consumption and better sexuality.”

Photo by Chema Madoz

pdf: “Right Orbitofrontal Tumor With Pedophilia Symptom and Constructional Apraxia Sign”

“It’s what women have been telling men for decades: stimulating the vagina is not the same as stimulating the clitoris. Now brain scan data has added weight to their argument.

“For the peahen, choosing a mate who has a beautiful long tail increases the chance of her male offspring growing one, and so also be attractive. Of course, for her there is very good reason to be choosy. Males can and want to spray their sperm around willy‑nilly, but producing an egg and offspring levies a prohibitive tax upon her metabolism.”

“The monkeys live in groups of three to nine, in which multiple adult males mate with a single breeding female and then cooperate to raise her young. This mating system, called polyandry, occurs in less than 1 per cent of bird species, and is even rarer in mammals.”

“Spider sex is unusual in that males transfer their sperm to the female on small limbs called pedipalps. … Dr Aisenberg and Dr Barrantes observed the process 17 times in pairs of Leucauge argyra. On the 14 occasions a sexual plug was made, the female produced it without assistance from the male. On ten of these occasions the male’s pedipalps then seemed to get stuck while he was transferring the sperm … and he had great difficulty freeing himself. In two of those ten instances, he was eaten as a result.

“Some male insects also give females what’s called a spermatophylax to increase their chances of mating. A spermatophylax, which can weigh up to 30 percent of a male’s body weight, is essentially like a really good snack attached to their sperm.”

Pornography, Society, and the Law in Imperial Germany“: “The view of human sexuality that surfaces in a society’s pornographic subculture is often a reflection, however distorted or reversed, of officially sanctioned attitudes toward sex. Likewise, the extent to which a society seeks to control a popular phenomenon like pornography is an indication of the fears, both conscious and unconscious, harbored toward that object.”

Uschi Digard

New Zealand vs. Fiji in a game of naked rugby

Bert and Ernie are not gay (according to a press release).

Transhumanists discuss sexbots for women.

Sex in the stands at a Red Sox game, captured on film by an ESPN cameraman.

Mistressdom, like celibacy, is a crucial lens through which to explore how women relate to men other than in marriage; mistressdom is, in fact, an institution parallel and complementary to marriage. Mistresses, it seems, are everywhere.”

A gallery pinup collection of Bettie Page

More risqué ballet

Anita Berber (photo by Madame d'Ora)

Anita Berber — “Goddess of the Night”

Following up on an earlier post, here’s more about nude dance that has artistic value:

Clips & pics from All That Jazz, and my own brief note on this masterpiece.

“Being in constant intimate contact with beautifully honed and tensile bodies, stimulated by music and choreography of sensual intensity … ballet dancers are not surprisingly creatures who spend much of their professional lives on high sexual heat. However great the artistic spirituality involved, what we are talking about here is an animal process of courtship and arousal. The result is obvious: … dancers, male and female, are in such a state of readiness that they will grab at anything in a skirt or trousers, leotard or legwarmers.”

There’s that old bogus dichotomy — art is spiritual, sex is animal. This thinking leads to the denigration of nudity as somehow excluding artistic value — as soon as the clothes come off it’s just “animal” and not real art. That’s what happened at Celly de Rheidt’s trial in 1920, where the court said that her work had no artistic merit. Unlike Berber and Claire Bauroff (who were both trained in ballet), de Reidt hadn’t trained as a dancer. Certainly her husband saw the dancing as just a way of making money. I don’t know if de Rheidt had more artistic aspirations. Her costumes suggest that she might have.

Celly de Rheidt (middle) 1923

Here’s a description of some of her performances: “One notorious production, eventually banned, took place at an establishment named the Black Cat Cabaret, run by Celly de Reidt [sometimes spelled "de Rheydt"] and her husband, [Harry] Seveloh, a former army lieutenant. It featured nude girls in sacrificial Aztec ceremonies, or mock bullfights, or scenes of naked novices being humiliated by lesbian nuns in strange rituals.” p. 15, Ian Buruma, “Faces of the Weimar Republic –pdf” in Glitter and Doom.

A review of “Un peu de tendresse bordel de merde!” by the Dave St. Pierre Company, Pina Bausch’s “pornographic illegitimate children.” This 2011 performance caused quite a controversy when the naked male dancers entered the audience and climbed over people.

An art-show catalog called Trude Fleischmann: a Self-Assured Eye includes Fleischmann’s nude photos of the dancer Claire Bauroff (1925), which are said to be a “watershed in nude photography.” Bauroff publicly displayed these photos in Berlin prior to her dance performance there, leading to a scandal in which the photos were seized by the police. In the catalog, Frauke Kreutler says the pics were a “watershed” because nude models had previously been anonymous, so that their photos were seen as depictions of some abstract Woman, an ideal, rather than of any particular woman. Bauroff was one of the early artists to go before the public in all her naked, identified individuality. In Kreutler’s words, “Whereas the nude models … hitherto have mainly remained anonymous, the subject now is an internationally acknowledged dancer, known by name …. Anonymity and bashfulness, which have formed the cliche of womanliness, give way to self-assurance and directness.” (p. 115)

Claire Bauroff

But even before Bauroff, there was the dancer Olga Desmond:

Olga Desmond ready for her sword dance

A summary of Olga Desmond’s career.

Judith Mackrell on the history of nudity in dance: “For Isadora Duncan … the body was sacred. When she abandoned corsets, danced barefoot and occasionally let a bare breast spill out of her loosely draped tunic, Duncan wasn’t simply serving the cause of dance, she was celebrating the human spirit. And her inspiration, as well as her notoriety, led to more dancers stripping off in the name of high art. Canadian Maud Allan became a superstar of Edwardian Britain thanks her near-naked Salomé routine.”

Here’s a clip from an earlier work by the Dave St. Pierre Company called “La pornographie des ames”, which I saw and loved:

Risqué ballet

Claire Bauroff (photo by Trude Fleischmann)

There’s a long history of trying to keep art apart from sex. Especially in the English-speaking world, as soon as the sexual element comes to the fore the work is likely to be dismissed as porn. This is especially clear in dance. When someone’s described as a dancer, I catch myself wondering whether she’s a ballet dancer (or practitioner of some other artistic form of dance) or “just a stripper.” If the dancer’s clothes are off, then the dance is about sex only and therefore it isn’t art and the dancer’s “just a stripper.”

This habit of thought is of course bogus — nude dance can approach some pretty ambitious artistic, moral and spiritual aims.

This is a central theme in Karl Toepfer’s book, Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935. Toepfer devotes a chapter to nacktballett, or naked ballett. It was practiced initially only in private as a kind of exercise by dancers in (for example) Ida Herion‘s school in Stuttgart. It isn’t clear who first went public with the art form in the Weimar era. Claire Bauroff  is associated with nacktballet, but (according to Toepfer) she seldom danced nude, and her association with nacktballet is mainly due to the photos of her in nude dance poses by Trude Fleischmann.

Anita Berber certainly gave public, nude dance performances with an artistic purpose. She had trained as a ballet dancer, but much of her work was in a more modern, expressionistic dance form. In spite of her artistic aims, she was hounded by the authorities, who assumed that nude dancing could only be stripping and therefore not art.

Celly de Rheydt was a true practitioner of nacktballet, but was put on trial in 1922. In spite of her artistic achievement, she was convicted of lewdness.

There are today more examples of artistic nude dance. The performers seem to agree that the nudity heightens the sexual dimension of their art. So sex does indeed come to the fore in their work, but that only makes it better art. A good example is the work of Dasniya Sommer, who’s interviewed here (in German).

She put her expertise in Japanese rope bondage to use on the set of Romeo Castellucci’s production of the Wagnerian opera Parsifal (which involved the rope suspension of some peformers). Here’s a review of Castellucci’s Parsifal.

Then there’s Karina Sarkissova, who was fired by an Austrian ballet company after she posed in the nude for some photos.

Karina Sarkissova


Stereotypes, G-strings and Sympathy

By Paul Kamm (1923)

Working girls: white-collar workers and prostitutes in late Weimar fiction

In 1894 the Society of Trained Masseuses (STM) formed in response to massage scandals published by the British Medical Journal (BMJ). The Society’s founders acted to legitimise massage, which had become sullied by its association with prostitution. This study analyses the discourses that influenced the founders of the Society and reflects upon the social and political conditions that enabled the STM to emerge and prosper. The founders established a clear practice model for massage which effectively regulated the sensual elements of contact between therapist and patient.

Porn Star Talks About Stereotypes and Feminism

Memoirs of an anonymous phone sex worker: “The sneaky callers didn’t differ much from one to the other. It wasn’t long before I could be found leaning back in my chair with my slippered feet propped up on the kitchen table, between a copy of Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and a longhand draft of an essay due at the end of the week, pausing to return the call of a daytime sneaky.”

"Flowergirl" by G. Hahn

Recent years have witnessed a surge of investigative and reflective writings about sex work, many by sex workers themselves. Katherine Frank and Elisabeth Eaves’ books are recent additions to this growing field of study. In G-Strings and Sympathy: Strip Club Regulars and Male Desire, Katherine Frank analyzes the contexts and meanings of strip clubs for heterosexual male clients. In Bare: On Women, Dancing, Sex, and Power, Elisabeth Eaves recounts her experiences as a peep show dancer and stripper.

This article presents … a review of the empirical research literature on exotic dance/dancers in the United States and Canada from 1970 to 2008. … Over time researchers have gradually moved from micro-level analysis with singular explanations toward multi-dimensional and contextual understandings of exotic dance/dancers. Contemporary researchers are less grounded in deviance, pathology, or victimization. We conclude with a discussion and a series of recommendations for future research.

Ladies in red, scary mothers, more sex cannibals and cabaret

When a lady wears red it prompts men to ask her more intimate questions and to sit closer to her.”

A percentage-point increase in the male-to-female ratio of a man’s graduation class led to a percentage-point increase in his likelihood of dying before the age of 65.”

Following all three election cycles, individuals located in states voting for the winning political party tended to search for pornography keywords relatively more often than individuals residing in states voting for the losing political party.”

A review of porn.com, an edited collection that examines porn as a driving force behind tech (esp. internet) innovations

The Old Pornographers: Richard Nash and Mike Edison on Banned Books

Fifty of those women … were randomly chosen to receive a placebo instead of a drug treatment for low sexual arousal. … The findings … show that on average, one in three of the women who took a placebo showed an overall improvement.”

Bayer’s new vaginal atrophy drug

A skeptical challenge of the notion of a porn-addicted brain

A skeptical challenge directed at recent waist-to-hip ratio research

Twiggy

A neat post about Twiggy, the too-thin, not-very-curvaceous 1960′s super-model

According to the researchers, reduced contraceptive use is most likely the result of a decade of abstinence-only sex education.”

Psychologists at Temple University find “no evidence that the initiation of sexual intercourse is hastened by exposure to sexy media.”

Lindsay Beyerstein rounds up some sex ed links and takes a recent study to show that “nearly half of teenagers are already having sex, and many others are doing their best to get in on the action. It’s hard to imagine a more perfect audience for comprehensive sex ed.”

Simon Baron-Cohen wrote of the autistic mind as an “extreme male brain,” and now Mark Brosnan et al ask, “Can an ‘Extreme Female Brain’ be characterised in terms of psychosis?”

These researchers went looking for male-female brain differences but found none in the ‘resting’ state, using fMRI

Canada tosses most of its laws restricting prostitution: “Judge Himel found that laws set up to protect prostitutes actually endanger their safety, forcing them to furtively engage in hasty transactions conducted in shady locations.”

The well-known eastern Munich bordello told Bavarian daily tz on Thursday that taxi drivers are paid up to €120 for every ‘John’ they bring to their rivals during the annual autumn beer festival, when hundreds of thousands of visitors are in town for a good time.”

Matt Ridley on hard-wired sex differences: “In virtually every mammal and nearly all birds, males are more aggressive, females more nurturing. It is a distinction that goes right back to active sperm competing for stationary eggs. … Wombs are worth fighting over—and granting to favored applicants only.”

Females produce only a few, large gametes while males produce a greater number of small gametes. Because females invest more, and because their productivity is not usually limited by the availability of male gametes, females should be the choosy sex. … There are only a few examples of organisms that have reversed the usual relationship, and the [seahorses and pipefish] are one such group.”

Jacobus Boomsma … has argued that strict monogamous behavior, such as an ant queen mating for life, spurred the evolution of cooperative breeding in some social insects. Monogamy helps fulfill Hamilton’s conditions, because all siblings are equally related to each other and to each parent. Promiscuity, on the other hand, leads to many half-siblings and lowers the relatedness of individuals in a group.”

We hypothesized that men’s relationship satisfaction and investment would predict interest in their partner’s copulatory orgasm, and that sperm competition risk would moderate the association between relationship satisfaction and interest in partner’s copulatory orgasm.”

The 2011 German farm-girl calendar is out

This study clarifies the adaptive significance of infertile sperm castes, which has remained elusive in Drosophila. … We suggest that spermicide and male countermeasures against it are more common than is appreciated and discuss how spermicide could drive the evolution of several key male traits, including sperm size and number.”

By varying the adult sex ratio of populations of the Indian meal moth … we altered the frequency of male and female copulations, and thus the level of sperm competition experienced by males. As predicted by theory, males evolving under higher levels of sperm competition increased investment in sperm production and differed in their sperm allocation patterns across matings.”

We assess this key assumption in seed beetles where genital spines in males physically injure females. We demonstrate that male spine length is positively correlated with harm to females during mating but also that males with longer spines are more successful in sperm competition.”

Otto Dix's painting of Anita Berber

On sexual cannibalism in black widows, red-back spiders, etc.: “Why not eat him; he’s not much use later anyway. Mating success is so variable among males, there’s no guarantee that living another day will pay off for him.  Most males fail to mate at all and some research suggests that males become functionally sterile after mating. So, why not?

Penis captivus describes an event that occurs in rare instances during heterosexual intercourse when the muscles in the vagina clamp down on the penis much more firmly than usual (a form of vaginismus), making it impossible for the penis to withdraw from the vagina.”

Information from species in which females remain in their natal group … shows the importance of kin support, especially from mothers, on the reproductive success of their daughters. Therefore, one might expect a similar effect on sons in species in which males remain in their natal group like bonobos.”

Bare naked 1960′s psychotherapy: “Perhaps most notable was an exercise called “crotch eyeballing”, designed to dispel guilt about the body, in which participants were instructed to look at each others genitals and disclose the sexual experiences they felt most guilty about while lying naked in a circle with their legs in the air.”

Joey Heatherton

Humans in the highest economic bracket leave more grandchildren through sons than through daughters. Therefore, adaptive variation in sex ratios is expected, and human mothers in the highest economic bracket do give birth to more sons, suggesting similar sex ratio manipulation as seen in other mammals.”

Results showed (a) that greater maternal harshness at 54 months predicted earlier age of menarche [and] (b) that earlier age of menarche predicted greater sexual (but not other) risk taking

Piper Laurie plays the mother of Carrie (Sissy Spacek) in the 1976 movie Carrie

A talk with Museum of Sex curator Sarah Forbes

The Museum of Eroticism in Paris — 7 floors of erotic art inside an old cabaret

The strippers of Shoreditch

A neat blog: Cabaret Berlin — “exploring the entertainment of the Weimar era”

Pussypedia, prostitutes of Europe & more duck sex

Dicktionary & Pussypedia — excellent resources from the Swedish Association for Sexuality Education (ht Dr. Petra)

Prositutes of Europe‘ — “a socio-artistic project with a European dimension”

Weimar Berlin prostitutes (via lacontessa)

Charlie Chaplin’s mother was a prostitute who contracted syphilis, which caused her descent into madness

More duck sex: “Brennan speculated that the female ducks can block forced copulations with their mismatched spirals. And they might also be controlling which drake got to fertilize their eggs by socking away the sperm of different mates in different pockets. And the extravagant penises of males might be the result of an evolution around those defenses.” Check out the vimeo’s there of a duck dick popping out and of it corkscrewing into a fake duck vag.